Building owners often consider having their HVAC ducts professionally cleaned to improve indoor air quality and potentially reduce the risk of occupants contracting illnesses tied to indoor environments. Poor maintenance of HVAC systems allows contaminants to accumulate and propagate within ductwork, which can spread pathogens and bacteria recirculated through the ventilation system. Therefore, regularly cleaning air ducts may help lower the risk of building-related illnesses for occupants.
Ducts Breed Bacteria and Pathogens
Over time, moisture, dust, rust and other debris within HVAC ducts provide ideal conditions for bacteria and pathogens to multiply. Stagnant areas of ductwork with little airflow allow contaminants to build up undisturbed and promote microbial growth. Additionally, condensation that forms on cooler duct surfaces provides moisture for microbes to thrive.
These bacteria, mold spores, and pathogens then become re-circulated throughout the building through the HVAC system. Long-term exposure can lead to a variety of illnesses, especially for vulnerable populations like the elderly, young children and individuals with weakened immune systems. For example, Legionnaires’ disease infects the lungs and is linked to growth of the Legionella bacteria in building water systems, including HVAC components.
Cleaning Removes Contaminants
Conversely, cleaning air ducts removes accumulated debris, stagnant moisture and contaminants that breed harmful microbes. Professional duct cleaning utilizes specialized equipment to dislodge and vacuum up dirt, dust and residue adhered to duct surfaces. Biocides may also be applied as an additional cleaning measure to kill any remaining pathogens and bacteria. Then, fresh filtered air is recirculated through thoroughly-cleaned ductwork.
By eliminating sources of moisture and nutrients within ducts, conditions are less favorable for microbial proliferation. Consequently, fewer bacteria and pathogens are dispersed throughout the building through the HVAC system following cleaning. As a result, occupants are exposed to lower levels of potential illness-causing contaminants that could lead to infections. Therefore, regularly scheduled duct cleaning as part of routine facility maintenance seeks to minimize the risk of building-related illnesses over time.
Other Considerations for Reducing Risk
However, duct cleaning alone does not guarantee protection from all potential illnesses tied to indoor environments. Additional steps help lower exposure to contaminants that may cause infections:
- Regularly replace or clean air filters to trap particles before they enter ducts
- Inspect ducts for damage, leaks and deterioration that allow infiltration of outdoor contaminants
- Maintain and repair HVAC components to ensure proper airflow and minimize moisture
- Keep indoor relative humidity between 30%-60% to inhibit microbial growth
- Disinfect hard surfaces and mitigate water intrusion within buildings
In summary, while no substitute for proper HVAC system upkeep and overall facility maintenance, professionally cleaning air ducts on a reasonably scheduled basis can potentially reduce occupants’ exposure to bacteria, pathogens and other contaminants linked to building-related illnesses. Regular duct cleaning seeks to restore a clean, contaminant-free air distribution system that enhances indoor air quality and lowers health risks for occupants.